Sources
Passlane's questions are written by Passlane from these public handbooks. Every citation shown in a test is computed from the handbook text below, and the build fails if a question's cited sentence is not in its handbook. Questions are never taken from the handbooks' own review questions or from other test banks.
Driver handbooks
| State | Handbook | Edition | Pages | Questions citing it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | California Driver's Handbook (DL 600) | rev. 6/2025 | 92 | 97 |
| Texas | Texas Driver Handbook (DL-7) | rev. January 2026 | 91 | 76 |
| Florida | Official Florida Driver License Handbook | rev. 08/2023 | 104 | 97 |
| New York | New York State Driver's Manual (MV-21) | PDF of April 2026 | 84 | 72 |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Driver's Manual (PUB 95) | 4-21 | 104 | 91 |
Test formats
| State | Test | Questions / pass | Where the numbers come from |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | Class C knowledge test | 46 / 38 (18+: 36 / 30) | The handbook says the knowledge test is multiple choice and allows three attempts. The question counts and pass marks (46 and 38 under 18, 36 and 30 at 18 and older) are the DMV's test as given, not printed in the handbook. |
| Texas | Class C knowledge exam | 30 / 21 | The handbook sets the pass mark at 70 percent. The 30-question length is the DPS exam as given, not printed in the handbook. |
| Florida | Class E Knowledge Exam | 50 / 40 | The handbook says the exam has 50 multiple-choice questions on traffic laws, safe driving and traffic controls. The 80 percent pass mark (40 of 50) is the FLHSMV exam as given, not printed in the handbook. |
| New York | written permit test | 20 / 14 | The manual says: answer at least 14 of the 20 questions correctly, including two of the four questions about road signs. |
| Pennsylvania | Knowledge Test | 18 / 15 | The manual says the Knowledge Test has 18 multiple-choice questions and you must answer 15 correctly. |
No state publishes a time limit for the knowledge test; Passlane's mock-test clock (one minute a question) is our own pacing.
Road sign images
The sign drawings are the federal MUTCD designs from Wikimedia Commons, all in the public domain.
| Sign | MUTCD code | File | Author |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | R1-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Yield | R1-2 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| No turn on red | R10-11 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Railroad crossing (crossbuck) | R15-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Speed limit | R2-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| No left turn | R3-2 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| No U-turn | R3-4 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Do not pass | R4-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Keep right | R4-7 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Do not enter | R5-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Wrong way | R5-1a | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| One way | R6-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| School crossing | S1-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Curve | W1-2 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Railroad crossing ahead | W10-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Pedestrian crossing | W11-2 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Advisory speed | W13-1P | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration |
| No passing zone | W14-3 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Road work ahead | W20-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Stop ahead | W3-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Signal ahead | W3-3 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration – United States Department of Transportation |
| Merge | W4-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Lane ends | W4-2 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Divided highway begins | W6-1 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration (MUTCD) |
| Two-way traffic | W6-3 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration - MUTCD |
| Slippery when wet | W8-5 | Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) | Federal Highway Administration |
